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In order to identify antibiotic substances in the extract of a lichen, Umbilicaria vellea, the extract was chromatographed and two compounds were isolated. Compound Ⅰ which showed antifungal and antibacterial activities, melted around 129∼132℃ and showed UV absorption at 217, 265 and 300 nm. It showed a molecular ion at m/z 196. Its molecular formular was confirmed to be C10H12O4 from elemental analysis. From its IR and NMR data it was identified to be ethyl 2,4-dihydroxy-6-methyl benzoate. Compound Ⅱ melted around 58∼59℃ and showed UV absorption at 212, 276 and 282 nm. It showed a molecular ion at m/z 124 and molecular formular was confirmed to be C7H8O2. From the analysis of its IR and NMR spectra it was identified to be 5-methyl-1,3-benzenediol.
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